See thrave on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"thraven",
"thraven#Middle_English"
],
[
"þrafian",
"þrafian#Old_English"
],
[
"*þrabōn",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/þrabōn"
],
[
"*þrabōną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þrabōną"
],
[
"*trep-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/trep-"
],
[
"troawje",
"troawje#Saterland_Frisian"
],
[
"droawje",
"droawje#Saterland_Frisian"
],
[
"drave",
"drave#West_Frisian"
],
[
"draven",
"draven#Dutch"
],
[
"traben",
"traben#German"
],
[
"trava",
"trava#Swedish"
],
[
"þrefa",
"þrefa#Icelandic"
]
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*terp-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "thraven"
},
"expansion": "Middle English thraven",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "þrafian",
"t": "to press; urge; compel; rebuke; argue; contend"
},
"expansion": "Old English þrafian (“to press; urge; compel; rebuke; argue; contend”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*þrabōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *þrabōn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þrabōną",
"t": "to press; drive"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þrabōną (“to press; drive”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*trep-",
"t": "to scamper; trample; quake; tread"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *trep- (“to scamper; trample; quake; tread”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "troawje"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian troawje",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "drave",
"t": "to trot"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian drave (“to trot”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "draven",
"t": "to lope; trot"
},
"expansion": "Dutch draven (“to lope; trot”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "traben",
"t": "to trot"
},
"expansion": "German traben (“to trot”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "trava",
"t": "to trot"
},
"expansion": "Swedish trava (“to trot”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "þrefa",
"t": "to wrangle; dispute"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic þrefa (“to wrangle; dispute”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English thraven, from Old English þrafian (“to press; urge; compel; rebuke; argue; contend”), from Proto-West Germanic *þrabōn, from Proto-Germanic *þrabōną (“to press; drive”), from Proto-Indo-European *trep- (“to scamper; trample; quake; tread”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian troawje, droawje (“to trot”), West Frisian drave (“to trot”), Dutch draven (“to lope; trot”), German traben (“to trot”), Swedish trava (“to trot”), Icelandic þrefa (“to wrangle; dispute”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "thraves",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "thraving",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "thraved",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "thraved",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "thrave (third-person singular simple present thraves, present participle thraving, simple past and past participle thraved)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To urge; compel; importune."
],
"id": "en-thrave-en-verb-oMPDVHNu",
"links": [
[
"urge",
"urge"
],
[
"compel",
"compel"
],
[
"importune",
"importune"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, UK, dialectal) To urge; compel; importune."
],
"related": [
{
"word": "thraft"
}
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"dialectal",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"rhymes": "-eɪv"
}
],
"word": "thrave"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"thrave",
"thrave#Middle_English"
],
[
"threve",
"threve#Middle_English"
],
[
"thrafe",
"thrafe#Middle_English"
],
[
"þrefi",
"þrefi#Old_Norse"
],
[
"þrifa",
"þrifa#Old_Norse"
],
[
"trave",
"trave#Swedish"
],
[
"trave",
"trave#Danish"
]
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "thrave"
},
"expansion": "Middle English thrave",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "þrefi",
"4": "",
"5": "a bunch or handful of sheaves"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse þrefi (“a bunch or handful of sheaves”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "trave"
},
"expansion": "Swedish trave",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "trave"
},
"expansion": "Danish trave",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English thrave, threve, thrafe, from Old Norse þrefi (“a bunch or handful of sheaves”), related to Old Norse þrifa (“to grasp”). Cognate with Swedish trave, Danish trave.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "thraves",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "threave",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "threve",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "thrave (plural thraves)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A sheaf; a handful (of crops)."
],
"id": "en-thrave-en-noun-qSinha9i",
"links": [
[
"sheaf",
"sheaf"
],
[
"handful",
"handful"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK, dialect) A sheaf; a handful (of crops)."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"dialectal"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "20 44 22 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 56 27 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 58 26 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 61 20 10",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Units of measure",
"orig": "en:Units of measure",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
20,
26
]
],
"ref": "1785, Robert Burns, To a Mouse:",
"text": "A daimen icker in a thrave / 'S a sma' request;",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A specified number (twenty-six, twenty-four, twelve, etc., depending on the place) of sheaves of a crop (wheat, oats, corn etc.); compare shock and stook, also a certain number of sheaves."
],
"id": "en-thrave-en-noun-va9KjC3Z",
"links": [
[
"sheaves",
"sheaf"
],
[
"wheat",
"wheat"
],
[
"shock",
"shock"
],
[
"stook",
"stook"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK, dialect, obsolete) A specified number (twenty-six, twenty-four, twelve, etc., depending on the place) of sheaves of a crop (wheat, oats, corn etc.); compare shock and stook, also a certain number of sheaves."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"dialectal",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "c. 16th century, Lansdowne manuscript\nThe worst of a thrave."
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
15,
22
]
],
"ref": "1597, [Joseph Hall], “(please specify the page)”, in Virgidemiarum, Sixe Bookes. First Three Bookes, of Tooth-lesse Satyrs. […], London: […] Thomas Creede, for Robert Dexter, →OCLC:",
"text": "He sends forth thraves of ballads to the sale.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Two dozen, or similar indefinite number; a bunch; a throng."
],
"id": "en-thrave-en-noun-vMIWHFS4",
"links": [
[
"bunch",
"bunch"
],
[
"throng",
"throng"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK, dialect, obsolete) Two dozen, or similar indefinite number; a bunch; a throng."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"dialectal",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"rhymes": "-eɪv"
}
],
"word": "thrave"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Old Norse",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *terp-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/eɪv",
"Rhymes:English/eɪv/1 syllable",
"en:Units of measure"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"thraven",
"thraven#Middle_English"
],
[
"þrafian",
"þrafian#Old_English"
],
[
"*þrabōn",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/þrabōn"
],
[
"*þrabōną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þrabōną"
],
[
"*trep-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/trep-"
],
[
"troawje",
"troawje#Saterland_Frisian"
],
[
"droawje",
"droawje#Saterland_Frisian"
],
[
"drave",
"drave#West_Frisian"
],
[
"draven",
"draven#Dutch"
],
[
"traben",
"traben#German"
],
[
"trava",
"trava#Swedish"
],
[
"þrefa",
"þrefa#Icelandic"
]
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*terp-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "thraven"
},
"expansion": "Middle English thraven",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "þrafian",
"t": "to press; urge; compel; rebuke; argue; contend"
},
"expansion": "Old English þrafian (“to press; urge; compel; rebuke; argue; contend”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*þrabōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *þrabōn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þrabōną",
"t": "to press; drive"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þrabōną (“to press; drive”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*trep-",
"t": "to scamper; trample; quake; tread"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *trep- (“to scamper; trample; quake; tread”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "troawje"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian troawje",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "drave",
"t": "to trot"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian drave (“to trot”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "draven",
"t": "to lope; trot"
},
"expansion": "Dutch draven (“to lope; trot”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "traben",
"t": "to trot"
},
"expansion": "German traben (“to trot”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "trava",
"t": "to trot"
},
"expansion": "Swedish trava (“to trot”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "þrefa",
"t": "to wrangle; dispute"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic þrefa (“to wrangle; dispute”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English thraven, from Old English þrafian (“to press; urge; compel; rebuke; argue; contend”), from Proto-West Germanic *þrabōn, from Proto-Germanic *þrabōną (“to press; drive”), from Proto-Indo-European *trep- (“to scamper; trample; quake; tread”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian troawje, droawje (“to trot”), West Frisian drave (“to trot”), Dutch draven (“to lope; trot”), German traben (“to trot”), Swedish trava (“to trot”), Icelandic þrefa (“to wrangle; dispute”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "thraves",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "thraving",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "thraved",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "thraved",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "thrave (third-person singular simple present thraves, present participle thraving, simple past and past participle thraved)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "thraft"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"English dialectal terms",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To urge; compel; importune."
],
"links": [
[
"urge",
"urge"
],
[
"compel",
"compel"
],
[
"importune",
"importune"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, UK, dialectal) To urge; compel; importune."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"dialectal",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"rhymes": "-eɪv"
}
],
"word": "thrave"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old Norse",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/eɪv",
"Rhymes:English/eɪv/1 syllable",
"en:Units of measure"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"thrave",
"thrave#Middle_English"
],
[
"threve",
"threve#Middle_English"
],
[
"thrafe",
"thrafe#Middle_English"
],
[
"þrefi",
"þrefi#Old_Norse"
],
[
"þrifa",
"þrifa#Old_Norse"
],
[
"trave",
"trave#Swedish"
],
[
"trave",
"trave#Danish"
]
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "thrave"
},
"expansion": "Middle English thrave",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "þrefi",
"4": "",
"5": "a bunch or handful of sheaves"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse þrefi (“a bunch or handful of sheaves”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "trave"
},
"expansion": "Swedish trave",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "trave"
},
"expansion": "Danish trave",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English thrave, threve, thrafe, from Old Norse þrefi (“a bunch or handful of sheaves”), related to Old Norse þrifa (“to grasp”). Cognate with Swedish trave, Danish trave.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "thraves",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "threave",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "threve",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "thrave (plural thraves)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"English dialectal terms"
],
"glosses": [
"A sheaf; a handful (of crops)."
],
"links": [
[
"sheaf",
"sheaf"
],
[
"handful",
"handful"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK, dialect) A sheaf; a handful (of crops)."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"dialectal"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"English dialectal terms",
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
20,
26
]
],
"ref": "1785, Robert Burns, To a Mouse:",
"text": "A daimen icker in a thrave / 'S a sma' request;",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A specified number (twenty-six, twenty-four, twelve, etc., depending on the place) of sheaves of a crop (wheat, oats, corn etc.); compare shock and stook, also a certain number of sheaves."
],
"links": [
[
"sheaves",
"sheaf"
],
[
"wheat",
"wheat"
],
[
"shock",
"shock"
],
[
"stook",
"stook"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK, dialect, obsolete) A specified number (twenty-six, twenty-four, twelve, etc., depending on the place) of sheaves of a crop (wheat, oats, corn etc.); compare shock and stook, also a certain number of sheaves."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"dialectal",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"English dialectal terms",
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "c. 16th century, Lansdowne manuscript\nThe worst of a thrave."
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
15,
22
]
],
"ref": "1597, [Joseph Hall], “(please specify the page)”, in Virgidemiarum, Sixe Bookes. First Three Bookes, of Tooth-lesse Satyrs. […], London: […] Thomas Creede, for Robert Dexter, →OCLC:",
"text": "He sends forth thraves of ballads to the sale.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Two dozen, or similar indefinite number; a bunch; a throng."
],
"links": [
[
"bunch",
"bunch"
],
[
"throng",
"throng"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK, dialect, obsolete) Two dozen, or similar indefinite number; a bunch; a throng."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"dialectal",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"rhymes": "-eɪv"
}
],
"word": "thrave"
}
Download raw JSONL data for thrave meaning in All languages combined (7.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.